Brick-kiln



(No Model.) I P 3 Shets-Sheet 1.

O. H. FROST.

BRIGKKILN.

No. 364,240. Patented June 7, 1887.

ZQ.Z J v [Ill IHH ngcy-ea I juezzbr 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. 0.-H.,FR0sT. BRICK KILN.

(No Model.)

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

0. H. FROST.

BRICK KILN.

No. 364,240. Patented June 7, 1887.

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Mia 6e; H f 0 fizz/6,1267? 1 I %/@M WJ UNITED STATES 4 PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES HJFROST, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

BRlCK-KiLN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 364,240, dated June '7. 1887..

Application filed November 534, 1586. Serial No. 219,853. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, CHARLES H. Fnoscr, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, and a citizen of the United States, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Kilns for Burning Brick, of which the following is a full description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure l is a horizontal section of one of the kilns shown in Fig. 2, the brick in the kiln being for the most part omitted. Fig. .2 represents two kilns, each being shown in vertical section on line y of Fig. 1. This figure is on a smaller scale than Fig. 1. Figs. 8 and 4 are enlarged details, Fig. 3 showing the supports on which the floor of the kiln which receives the brick is placed, and Fig. 4 being a cross section through one of the transverse passages below the kiln proper. Fig. 5 is an illustrative figure, showing how a number of kilns may be arranged in circular form. In this figure the size of the kilns, as compared with those shown in the other figures, is reduced and aless number of fire arches and passages are shown.

My improved kilns are primarily designed to be used in burning pressed brick.

It is common to burn pressed brick in a kiln having an updraft, some of the objections to which are that the lower part of the kiln usually becomes overb'urncd and the upper part underburned; and, as the heat passes from the top of the kiln directly to the open air, there is a great waste of heat. To obviate these and other objections, downdraft. kilns have been used in which the heat passes first over a bridge-wall to the top of the kiln, then down between the brick, and then direct to the chimney. There are many objections to this method, among which are that, as the tendency of heat is to rise, it is diffieult to produce a draft down between the green brick in the kiln, and .the brick near the top of the kiln become overburned, while those at the bottom will be underburned. Besides, the gases from. the fire and from the brick form various compounds which adhere to the brick and injure their quality, among which compounds are sulphate of magnesia and sulphate of lime.

Besides, with downdraft kilnsas now used there is considerable waste heat.

The object of my invention is to obviate these difficulties and to provide a series-of kilns in which the brick will be more uniformly burned than heretofore, and by the use of which there will be a large saving of fuel, which I accomplish by connecting any suitable number of kilns by passages controlled by dampers, through which the otherwise waste heat from a kiln which is being burned may be conveyed to the next kiln and utilized for drying the brick therein preparatory to burning, as illustrated in the drawings, and hereinafter fully described.

That which I claim as new will be set forth in the claims.

In the drawings, A represents a kiln.

B are a number of furnaces, located, as shown, in front of, and. partially'outsidc of, the body of the kiln.

0 ma bridge-wall, over the top of which heat passes to the upper portion of the kiln.

The floor of the kiln may be the ground properly prepared. On this floor I place a number of walls, D, which extend the whole length .of the kiln, and which, as shown, are composed of three layers of bricks, (I, placed one above the other, and a line of brick, I), placed edgewise, so that there are passages between these walls which extend the whole length of the kiln. On the upper edges of the bricks I) are laid-other bricks, c, which form the floor proper of the kiln. These bricks c are laid in continuous lines; but betweenthc several rows a space is left for the passage of the heat. On this floor the brick to be burned are placed in the usual manner, a few of which are indicated in Figs. 1 and 2, the white spaces at in Fig. lindicating brick and the blackportions indicating spaces between the brick. These spaces, as shown in Fig. 1, are larger in proportion than will ordinarily be used.

E are a number of passages formed in the ground below the line on which the walls D are placed. These passages may be arched over, as shown in Fig. 4; but there are comm u nications into them from the body of the kiln.

F is a chimney centrally located, as shown,

at the rear of akiln, which chimney, as shown,

has an air-space, 0, around it inside of the outside wall, f.

G are two passages at the rear of a kiln, with which the passages E communicate. From these passages G other passages, H,which are, in effect, continnations of the passages E, pass to the next kiln. One end of, each passageG opens into the chimney F; but its opening into the chimney is controlled by a damper, g.

h are dampers in the passages G.

iare dampers which control the entrances to the passages H.

I is a passage, there being one from the top of each kiln to the chimney.

j is a damper, one for each passage T.

In Fig. 2 [have shown two kilns arranged one directly in the rear of the other, the second kiln, J, being a duplicate of the first, A. One or .more other kilns like those shown in Fig. 2 may be used, located at the rear of those shown.

The operation is as follows: Suppose kiln A to be the first one in aseriesof threeor four or more. Fires being built in the furnaces of this kiln and the damper j, which controls the passage I to the chimney, being closed, the heat from the furnaces will be carried first to the top of the kiln and then must pass down between the brick into the passages E beneath the kiln A, and, if the dampersg and the dampers h be closed and the dampers t be open, the heat that passes down into the passages Ebeneath the kiln A will be conveyedthrongh the passages H to the kiln J and will pass up through it, and the smoke and what heat may be wasted will pass out from the top of the kiln J to the chimney, the damperj of this kiln being open, as shown in Fig. 2. The heat which passes from the kiln A to and through the kiln J will dry the brick in the kiln Jpreparatory to burning. \Vhen the brick in the kiln A are sufficiently burned, fires will be built in the furnaces of the kiln J, the damperj of this kiln J will be closed, and then the heat and smoke will pass down between the brick in the kiln J into the passages beneath this kiln corresponding with the passages E, and thence to the next kiln in the series, (the dampers being properly arranged,) and, en-

tering such kiln at the bottom and passing up through it, will dry the brick therein pre paratory to burning, in the same manner that the brick in the kiln J were dried, as before described. When the brick in this kiln J are sufficiently burned, fires will be built in the next kiln of the series, and the process described can be continued.

WVhen the kilns are arranged one behind the other, as shown in Fig. 2, there must be passages leading from the last kiln of the series around to the first kiln, A, communicating with the passages E, and then when the brick in the last kiln are being burned the otherwise waste heat therefrom will be utilized in drying. out the brick in the first kiln,

A. In this way the process of burning the brick in successive kilns can be kept up continuously, if desired, and fire will only be applied to one kiln of green brick.

Instead of arranging the kilns one behind the other, as shown in Fig. 2, they may be arranged in a circle, as shown in Fig. 5, in

which K L M N represent four kilns arranged in a circular form; 0, furnaces; P, passages corresponding with E of Fig. 2. The dotted lines Q indicate passages corresponding with the passages H of Fig. 1, which passages lead to the second kiln, L, and the dotted lines between the kilns L and M, between M and N, and between N and K indicate passages cor responding with the passages Q.

\Vith this arrangement of kilns and method of burning brick, the brick which are being dried by the otherwise waste heat which passes up through the kiln will be hotter at the bottom than at the top, and this condition facilitates the downdraft when the fires for burning are made in the kiln.

\Vhile the brick are drying, steam and moisture from the brick will be carried up to the top of the kiln, and thence directly to the chimney. By this arrangement of kilns and method of burning brick the brick will be burned very much more uniformly than heretofore,and there will be a great saving of fuel, and also a saving of time.

If at any time it may not be convenient or desirable to convey the smoke and otherwise waste heat from a kiln which is being burned to the next kiln, such smoke and heat can be conveyed directly to the stack of the kiln being burned by opening the dampers g h and closing the dampers My improvements are adapted to be used in kilns used for burning tile and other articles.

\Vhat I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. A series of kilns for burning brick, each provided with furnaces from which the heat passes to the top of the kiln, in combination with passages or fines E beneath each kiln, passages leading from the bottom of one kiln to the bottom of the next kiln, anda passage from the top of each kiln to a chimney, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. A series of kilns for burning brick, each provided with furnaces from which the heat passes to the top of the kiln, in combination with passages or lines E beneath each kiln, erosspassagcs G, communicating at one end with a chimney, dampers g, passages H from the bottom of one kiln to the bottom of the next kiln, and a passage from the top of each kiln to a chimney, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

CHARLES H. FROST.

\Vitnessesr ALBERT H. ADAMS, HARRY T. J oNEs. 

